Publications
Waste-to-Energy
2011
F. Cuypers and L. Helsen, "Pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste at elevated pressure: Influence of particle size, heating rate, residence time, temperature and pressure", 2011. Submitted for publication in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.
L. Appels, J. Lauwers, J. Degrève, L. Helsen, B. Lievens, K. Willems, J. Van Impe, and R. Dewil, "Anaerobic digestion in global bio-energy production: potential and research challenges", 2011. Submitted for publication in Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews.
M. Mayerhofer, J. Govaerts, N. Parmentier, H. Jeanmart, and L. Helsen, "Experimental investigation of pressure drop in packed beds of irregular shaped wood particles", Powder Technology, vol. 205, no. 1-3, 2011, pp. 30-35.
2010
F. Cuypers and L. Helsen, "Pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood chips in the presence of oxygen and steam", 2010. Submitted for publication in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.
F. Cuypers and L. Helsen, "Pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste at elevated pressure: experimental study of model compound mixtures", 2010. Submitted for publication in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.
J. Vanneste, T. Van Gerven, E. Vander Putten, B. Van der Bruggen, and L. Helsen, "Energetic valorization of wood waste: estimation of the reduction in CO2 emissions", 2010. Submitted for publication in Science of the Total Environment.
A. Bosmans and L. Helsen, "Enhanced Landfill Mining: a crucial role for Waste-to-Energy technologies", 2010. Submitted for publication in Journal of Cleaner Production.
A. Bosmans, M. Vanden Auweele, J. Govaerts, and L. Helsen, "Exergy analysis of the Chartherm process for energy valorisation and material recuperation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste", Waste Management, vol. 31, no. 4, 2010, pp. 705-713.
J. Govaerts and L. Helsen, "Modelling of a strongly coupled Thermal, Hydraulic and Chemical problem: drying and low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-wood waste particles in a moving bed reactor", in Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference (November 17-19, 2010, Paris, France), 2010. Available at http://www.comsol.com/papers/8342/.
L. Helsen and A. Bosmans, "Waste-to-Energy through thermochemical processes: matching waste with process", in Proceedings of the International Academic Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining - Enhanced Landfill Mining and the transition to Sustainable Materials Management (October 4-6, 2010, Houthalen-Helchteren, Belgium), 2010.
2009
L. Helsen, "The Chartherm process, what’s in the name?", Waste management, vol. 29, 2009, pp. 1649-1657.
F. Cuypers, C. De Dobbelaere, M. Van Bael, A. Hardy, and L. Helsen, "Thermal behaviour of arsenic trioxide adsorbed on activated carbon", Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 166, 2009, pp. 1238-1243.
2008
F. Cuypers, C. De Dobbelaere, A. Hardy, M.K. Van Bael, and L. Helsen, "Thermogravimetric analysis of As2O3 adsorbed on activated carbon", in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering for Waste Valorisation (June 3-5, 2008, Patras, Greece), 2008.
J. Govaerts, A. Vandersickel, and L. Helsen, "Simulation of a thermochemical packed bed reactor developed to treat dried chromated copper arsenate (CCA) impregnated wood waste", High Temperature Materials and Processes, vol. 27, no. 5, 2008, pp. 319-326.
J. Govaerts and L. Helsen, "Simulation of the Chartherm reactor developed to treat chromated copper arsenate (CCA) impregnated wood waste", in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering for Waste Valorisation (June 3-5, 2008, Patras, Greece), 2008.
J. Vanneste, T. Van Gerven, B. Van der Bruggen, and L. Helsen, "Energiehoudend afval", in Mira-T-2007, 2008.
2007
M. Humar, A. Ribeiro, S. Amartey, L. Helsen, and L. Ottosen, "Remediation of CCA treated wood waste", in Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of COST Action E31, Management of recovered wood - Reaching a higher technical, economic and environmental standard in Europe (May 2-4, 2007, Klagenfurt, Austria), 2007.
L. Helsen, A. Hardy, M.K. Van Bael, and J. Mullens, "Tanalith E3494 impregnated wood: characterisation and thermal behaviour", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 78, no. 1, 2007, pp. 133-139.
2006
L. Helsen and A. Hacala, "Formation of metal agglomerates during carbonization of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste: comparison between a lab-scale and an industrial plant", Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 137, no. 3, 2006, pp. 1438-1452.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Thermal treatment technologies for treated wood", in Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, T.G. Townsend and H. Solo-Gabriele, Eds, Florida, Fla., US: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006, ISBN 0-8493-6495-7, pp. 447-465 .
2005
L. Helsen, "Presentation of the Charmtherm process". Address at EU-COST E31 Meeting, September 29 - October 1, 2005, Bordeaux, France.
N. Jouret, L. Helsen, and E. Van den Bulck, "Study of the wood gasifier at the power plant of Electrabel Ruien", in Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting (April 3-6, 2005, Louvain-la-Neuve), 2005.
L. Helsen, "Sampling technologies and air pollution control devices for gaseous and particulate arsenic: A review", Environmental Pollution, vol. 137, no. 2, 2005, pp. 305-315.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Review of disposal technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste, with detailed analyses of thermochemical conversion processes", Environmental Pollution, vol. 134, no. 2, 2005, pp. 301-314.
...-2004
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Review of thermochemical conversion processes as disposal technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste", in Proceedings of the Environmental Impacts of Preservative Treated Wood Conference (February 8-11, 2004, Orlando, Florida, USA), 2004. Available at www.ccaconference.org/pre/pdf/Helsen.pdf
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, M.K. Van Bael, G. Vanhoyland, and J. Mullens, "Thermal behaviour of arsenic oxides (As2 O5 and As2 O3) and the influence of reducing agents (glucose and activated carbon)", Thermochimica Acta, vol. 414, no. 2, 2004, pp. 145-153.
L. Helsen, "Disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste: is low-temperature pyrolysis an option?". Invited address at 6th Workshop of COST Action E22 Environmental optimisation of wood protection, September 22-23, 2003, Zagreb, Croatia.
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, M.K. Van Bael, and J. Mullens, "Arsenic release during pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste: current state of knowledge", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 68-69, 2003, pp. 613-633.
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, H. Cooreman, and C. Vandecasteele, "Development of a sampling train for arsenic in pyrolysis vapours resulting from pyrolysis of arsenic containing wood waste", Journal of environmental monitoring, vol. 5, 2003, pp. 758-765.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste: mechanism responsible for arsenic release", in Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and waste, A.V. Bridgwater, Ed, United Kingdom: CPL Press, 2003, ISBN 1-872691-77-3, pp. 175-186.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Metal retention in the residue after low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood", Environmental Engineering Science, vol. 20, no. 6, 2003, pp. 569-580.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste: mechanism responsible for arsenic release" [Abstract], in Proceedings of the Expert Meeting Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass and Waste (PGBW) (September 29 - October 1, 2002, Strasbourg, France), 2002.
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, M.K. Van Bael, and J. Mullens, "Arsenic release during pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste: current state of knowledge" [Abstract], in Proceedings of the Pyrolysis Conference (September 17-20, 2002, Leoben, Austria), 2002.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Disposal of CCA treated wood waste: study of low-temperature pyrolysis" [Abstract], in Proceedings of the Symposium "Handling of Impregnated Wood" (September 25, 2002, Silkeborg, Denmark), 2002.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste", PyNe Newsletter, no. 12, Sep. 2001, pp. 2-3.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Thermische analyse: vergelijking tussen onbehandeld en CCA behandeld hout". Address at Symposium Thermische Analyse, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, May 4, 2001, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
L. Helsen, "The application of pyrolysis for the disposal of CCA treated wood waste". Invited address at the meeting Bio-energy conversion: pyrolysis of biomass and trends of R&D in bio-energy conversion technology, February 26, 2001, Gembloux, Belgium.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Study of a new macro-particle model for the low-temperature pyrolysis of dried wood chips", Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 38, 2001, pp. 165-181.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Low-temperature pyrolysis as a possible technique for the disposal of CCA treated wood waste: metal behaviour", in Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, vol. 2, Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001, ISBN 0632055332, pp. 1417-1432.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Low-temperature pyrolysis as a possible technique for the disposal of CCA treated wood waste: metal behaviour" [Abstract], in Proceedings of the Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion (PTBC) Conference (September 18-22, 2000, Tyrol, Austria), 2000.
L. Helsen, "Low-temperature pyrolysis", PhD Thesis (Advisor: E. Van den Bulck), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, 2000. ISBN 90-5682-236-5.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Metal behaviour during the low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate treated wood waste", Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 34, no. 14, 2000, pp. 2931-2938.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Kinetics of the low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate treated wood", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 53, no. 1, 2000, pp. 51-79.
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, S. Mullens, and J. Mullens, "Low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood: thermogravimetric analysis", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 52, no. 1, 1999, pp. 65-86. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00034-0
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, and J.S. Hery, "Total recycling of CCA treated wood waste by low-temperature pyrolysis", Waste Management, vol. 18, no. 6, 1998, pp. 571-578. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00148-2
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "The microdistribution of copper, chromium and arsenic in CCA treated wood and its pyrolysis residue using energy dispersive X-ray analysis in scanning electron microscopy", Holzforschung, vol. 52, no. 6, 1998, pp. 607-614.
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, and J.S. Hery, "Total recycling of CCA treated wood waste by low-temperature pyrolysis", in Proceedings of the International Conference on Incineration and Thermal Treatment Technologies (1998, California, USA), L.B. Cohen, J. Feldman, A.R. Eichen, and J.G. Tripodes, Eds., 1998, pp. 341-347.
E. Van den Bulck and L. Helsen, "Modelling of the pyrolysis of wood particles using the IPSA two-phase option within PHOENICS" [Abstract], in 16th Belgian-Dutch PHOENICS User Meeting (May 28, 1997, Delft, The Netherlands), 1997.
K. Van den Broeck, C. Vandecasteele, C. Celens, S. Vermeulen, L. Helsen, and E. Van den Bulck, "Determination and specification of As, Cu and Cr in CCA treated wood and its pyrolysis residues by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry" [Abstract], in Proceedings of the European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry (January 12-17, 1997, Gent, Belgium), 1997.
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, K. Van den Broeck, and C. Vandecasteele, "Low temperature pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste; chemical determination and statistical analysis of metal input and output; mass balances", Waste Management, vol. 17, no. 1, 1997, pp. 79-86. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(97)00040-8
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Release of metals during the pyrolysis of preservative impregnated wood", in Proceedings of the Developments of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion (DTBC) Conference (May 20-24, 1996, Banff, Canada), C.&.H. A.V. Bridghwater and D.G.B. Boocock, Ed., 1997, pp. 220-228.
K. Van den Broeck, L. Helsen, C. Vandecasteele, and E. Van den Bulck, "Determination and characterisation of copper, chromium and arsenic in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood and its pyrolysis residues by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry", Analyst, vol. 122, 1997, pp. 695-700.
L. Helsen and E. Van den Bulck, "Release of metals during the pyrolysis of preservative impregnated wood", in Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion, vol. 1, London: A.V.Bridgwater and D.G.B. Boocoock, 1997, ISBN 0-7514-0350-4, pp. 220-228.
